Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Bookkeeping - Essay Example d bounced back from the 2008 emergency through an expansion of its stock turnover from 13.51 in 2008 to 19.06 in 2010, Toyota expanded from 10.63 in 2008 to 11.73 in 2010. Honda had a lessening from 7.17 in the year 2008 to 7.08 in 2010. In light of FIFO numbers, passage had an expansion on its stock turnover from 2008-2010 by 4.3 and Toyota by 0.89. Turnover drop dependent on detailed and FIFO numbers for Ford stayed steady. Portage had most noteworthy gross edge increment from 2008-2010 of 11.63% dependent on detailed numbers. Toyota and Honda organizations had same increment of 1.41 from 2008-2010. Likewise, passage had the most elevated increment in net revenue by 17.66 %, Toyota by 6.08% and Honda by 5.44%. In light of FIFO numbers, passage net revenue expanded from 2008-2010 by 17.72%, Toyota by 5.9% and Honda by 5.98%. Portage was significantly influenced by modifications from LIFO to FIFO. Modifications caused portage stock increment from 3.57% to 4.10%. Net edge expanded from 12.43% to 12.49%. Subsequently, the net revenue expanded by 0.06%. This change additionally influenced where its inventories expanded by 0.19%, had no impact on net edge yet net revenue expanded by

How to Write College Papers

How to Write College PapersIn order to learn how to write college papers, you have to first learn how to study and write effectively. In order to know how to write properly, you must first learn how to practice. College is a time for learning and practicing writing.To write well, you must first have the right mindset. If you lack confidence or are not in the right frame of mind, it can be very difficult to learn how to write well. Because writing involves using your imagination and creativity, your imagination will need to be in the right frame of mind.To determine the right frame of mind, you should ask yourself questions. Are you someone who likes to get advice from your friends? If so, then your friends may be a good source of information on how to write effectively. You should ask your friends, 'What would they do if they were writing a paper?'When your mind is in the right frame of mind, you can then begin to think about what type of paper you would like to write. Write down all of the things that you want to include in your paper. Do not try to be as detailed as possible because it will take you longer to write and this can be detrimental to your success. Be as concise as possible so that you can begin to relax and focus.Once you know what you want to write, you will be able to start the process of writing your paper. You should write down all of the information that you want to include in your paper. This includes details such as an outline, thesis statement, title, introduction, body, conclusion, lists, examples, and other research materials.When you are first starting out, it is always a good idea to write your paper in a word processing program such as Microsoft Word. This way, you can easily copy your information into your paper. However, if you are using a word processor, then you should convert your data into text format before you paste it into your paper.There are also different styles when it comes to how to write papers. Some people prefer to w rite in a formal style while others prefer to write in a more informal style. It is important that you choose a style that best fits your personality. Before you begin your paper, you should consider which style you prefer.Once you have chosen the style of writing that you prefer, you can now move onto the next step. You should now decide how long you want your paper to be. Again, you should choose a style that you prefer so that you can be comfortable while you are writing your paper.

The Cycle of Never Ending Cause and Effect Essay Example For Students

The Cycle of Never Ending Cause and Effect Essay The Cycle of Never Ending Cause and EffectThere is nothing of the sort as first or second, or as circumstances and logical results. Mankind has continually looked for the start of things asking questionssuch as Which started things out, the chicken or the egg?. They scan for answerswhich are basically ensnared in an endless pattern of occasions. Conviction beforeevidence or proof before conviction, it doesnt matter. Both aggravate a cyclewhere before conviction theres proof and before proof there is conviction and soon. In the event that the psyche mystery about the chicken and the egg is followed back to itsbeginning, for instance taking the ages and backpedaling on schedule, there willcome a point where the start of things will be put under perception. Howdid things start? Researchers accept that our reality started with the Big Bang,yet for the Big Bang to begin there more likely than not been simply the Sun and the. At that point what was before the Universe? A molecule? Also, before the particle? Theword nothing is a typical response to these inquiries, as far as anyone knows finishing theinfinite journey for information. However before the nothing, there must have beensomething else, perhaps more nothingness, who knows? The reality just is thathumanity doesnt realize what started things out and have flourish to think of answerswhich run from the logical perspective to the strict. The religiousanswers, which are totally founded on conviction, used to be altogether acknowledged bypeople, however as science started to thrive, logical answers, which use logicand thinking, turned into the essential hotspot for conviction. Presently a days it is importantto have proof so as to accept. However when researchers find new things,do they simply discover the proof? Or then again they accept that something is there andbegin their journey to discover it? Once more, be it one way or the other, it doesntmatter. Lets take for instance that the researcher accepted that something wasthere, his/her conviction more likely than not been founded on proof. By what other means at that point could theyhave thought about it? However that proof consequently, before being discovered,was dependent on conviction, etc. We will compose a custom paper on The Cycle of Never Ending Cause and Effect explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now It is each of the a cycle in reality. One can't state which started things out. The beginningof things will consistently be an obscure if mankind continues scanning for it. Thereis no start. The cycle causes impacts which consequently cause causes whichcause impacts. In a family where there is consistent battling, issues are theresult of different issues, etc. One would need to follow right back tosee what or who was blameworthy from the earliest starting point. The equivalent applies to the searchfor the start of times. So as to stop the battling one would have tostop the cycle. Everybody in the family would need to overlook ignored occasions andstart all, from the earliest starting point. However on the grounds that nothing of the sort as completelyforgetting exists, somebody would again do a wrongdoing that would start thefighting chain. The world is a circle which pivots ceaselessly. Once itstops, the pattern of endless circumstances and logical results continues going. As a newb egging happens, the cycle would turn. It would be the equivalent cycle,not an alternate one. The decimation of our reality would surely cause thebeginning of another; on the off chance that the current world had never been obliterated, at that point the newone could never have been shaped. A counter contention to the possibility of an endless cycle would effectively bedisregarded. One can say that the cycle more likely than not been kicked off by aforce as articles on earth are given a power to start their movement. However thatcycle would not be a similar one. The ceaseless pattern of circumstances and logical results, ofbelief or proof, of first and second, goes past all parameters. It is thecycle itself which causes everything. It would be the cycle which would causethe power to kick off a littler cycle. The cycle is an element in itself. .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988 , .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988 .postImageUrl , .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988 , .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988:hover , .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988:visited , .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988:active { border:0!important; } .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988:active , .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u36c6de52e465c5f0 2945e1ab0dbfb988 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u36c6de52e465c5f02945e1ab0dbfb988:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Hate Crimes Essay ThesisIt has consistently been and will consistently be. In this way, conviction or proof, are the consequence of each other. One causedthe other which consequently caused the other. Both are a piece of the cycle and willremain as a major aspect of it for eternity. Reasoning

My Perfect Thanksgiving Day - Free Essay Example

Well its thanksgiving morning and i still dont know what im going to cook i turn over and tell my boyfriend we have our family flying in from columbia and i want to make sure this thanksgiving is perfect. By any means , luckily jake (the boyfriend) didnt give me a budget. I took a shower im getting dressed and he had the audacity to tell me to hurry up pshhh like hes the one doing all the decorating and cooking all hes doing is getting dressed and stuffing his face with of course a IPA in his hand. I have to make a couple trips this morning i have to go to ross to get decorations for my table and around the house and i want to dress up my baby pitbull Izzy as a turkey , shes going to hate it but everyones going to love it. The laughter of the night. I picked up some table cloths with little turkeys on them and some fall leafs , some fall color napkins and of course utensils. My next trip is the market i would have to go somewhere with a lot of deals because im making a big feast so food for less is definitely the place to go. I am going to be making pastas with salads and some brownies and ice cream. Keep in mind im making EVERYTHING from scratch. The pastas im making are pesto, alfredo, and some cuisine. The salads caesar , homestyle , and avocado. I started making the pastas first because its the main dish , i know its thanksgiving and i should be making turkey or ham but i wanted to do something unique. Izzy i screamed What are you doing as i walked into the kitchen i see her little belly all in my sauce and face all full of red paste. She just wiggled her little tale , keep in mind we have 3 more hours to get everything ready before my family gets here so for now i put her in my room in her little bed. I begin working on the salads but my favorite cousin Briana is allergic to cheese so i make a separate salad because i put cheese in the caesar salad. Now the salads are complete on to the brownies. Everything seems in place and ready , tables are all set up and Izzy is all dressed up. Now time to get myself all gussied up i bought this cute dress from ross with these beautiful wedges to go with them. As im taking a shower im waiting for Jake to get home i sent him out to get the ice cream i told him to get chocolate and vanilla bean specifically but do you think he listened noooooo. So im doing my makeup only half an hour before they arrive and he gets home with cookie dough and vanilla not vanilla bean. But i let it go , people who are attending is my grandma, sister , uncle , grandpa , cousins and my mom and dad and my boyfriends family. They get here and we start to enjoy the meal/food i prepared and they all love it. We finish eating and forgot all about izzy she was still in the room with her little outfit on , so i go grab her while everyone is starving themselves ice cream and once everyone sees her they all start laughing i think my cousin brianna snuck her some a spoon full of ice cream. But geez its thanksgiving i would be a horrible mom if i were to take it away. This thanksgiving was definitely one we all would never forget.

Performance Enhancing Drugs For Sports - 1227 Words

Performance Enhancing Drugs Sport records are becoming harder to break and seeing records are starting to become a thing of the past.. Players aren’t being able to hit these home runs or score long touchdown’s. Injured players are getting kicked off the team or even quit because they can’t get to their peak performance that they were at before they got injured. If more players were to use performance enhancing drugs they would be able to compete to the performance of past players. A performance enhance drug is any drug used by athletes to heighten their abilities in the performance of their sport. But could P.E.D actually help that person get better in their sport? Quite a few famous athletes have used performance enhancing drugs to improve there game. Kenneth Jost states â€Å" Homerun hitter Mark ‘McGwire ended his career in 2001 with 583 home runs, a record that ranks seventh in baseball history† (7). Jost stated this to show what steroids a enhancing drug can actually help someone achieve a great achievement in baseball history. Unfortunately McGwire was not selected for the Hall of Fame. Jost states â€Å"Many Speculate that sports writers failed to select Mcgwire due to his connection with baseball’s steroid scandal† (7). That quote talks about how some people react to players using performancing enhancing drugs. Even though people may hate it, those enhancing drugs can help a player reach incredible heights. Prohibitions against performance enhancing drugs should beShow MoreRelatedPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports1078 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Performance-enhancing drugs in sports: A literature review A number of prominent athletes have recently experienced a fall from grace, because of the revelation that they used performance-enhancing drugs. Perhaps the most famous example of this phenomenon is Lance Armstrong. In an advertisement for Nike that his former sponsor now no doubt regrets, Armstrong is shown asking the viewer what am I on? Im on my bike, busting my ass six hours a day. Professional cycling is often cited as one ofRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Sports Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports A tremendously large problem in sports is whether or not athletes should be able to use performance enhancing drugs. To most people, it doesn t make any sense for athletes to be using them. They have to know what affect it has on their body not only physically, but also mentally. Around the early 2000’s is when all this starting coming up and it has made a dramatic impact on the sports world. The few people who want performance-enhancing drugs in sports don’tRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports1686 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Athletes use performance enhancing drugs to boost their game. The professionals who use these drugs are ruining the integrity of the game. Many people don’t understand why professional athletes would go to such extreme measures to be better when they have already proven themselves. Athletes are just taking away from their natural ability by using these dangerous drugs. The risk of using performance enhancing drugs is a lot greater than the reward, because anRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports1207 Words   |  5 PagesThe growth and use of performance enhancing drugs makes them no longer a taboo subject among professional athletes, and is starting to become in fact rampant among athletes. There appears to be no end in sight when leagues like the NFL and NCAA have weak testing programs. Traditional locker rooms in the NFL have a few steroid users and have many HGH abusers due to the NFL’s weak testing programs. HGH has become a rampant issue for the NFL, because it allows the average NFL player to gain an edgeRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports527 Words   |  2 Pagesuse of performance-enhancing steroids in sports is forming a problem. The sports that they play end up being cheated by these frauds. This is a disgusting epidemic. For example, â€Å"The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) recently estimated that over half of a million 8th through 10th grade students are abusing AAS, and that many high school seniors do not believe their use constitutes a health risk† (steroidabuse.com). The problem exists in professional sports and below. Steroid use in sports is becomingRead MorePerformance Of Sports And Performance Enhancing Drugs2051 Words   |  9 PagesPerformance Enhancers in Elite Sports Performance enhancing drugs are as old as sports themselves. Even the ancient athlete that competed in some of the first Olympic Games were know to use substances to boost their performance. It is on record that â€Å"Olympian Thomas Hicks won the marathon after receiving an injection of strychnine during the race in the third Olympiad†. (Savulescu, 1) It wasn’t until the 70’s that athletes began being tested for performance enhancing drugs and they became bannedRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Professional Sports1703 Words   |  7 Pagesthe use of performance enhancing drugs. The debate on whether or not performance enhancing substances should be allowed in professional sports has been going on for years, decades even. Many believe that using steroids and other performance enhancers should automatically disqualify an athlete from ever being able to be a member of the Hall of Fame, in sports in general, not just in Major League Baseball. However, there is an argument to be made to make the use of performance enhancing drugs legal inRead More Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports In all areas of sports, professional, college, and even high school, there is widespread illegal use of performance-enhancing drugs. Although there are many reasons for athletes to choose to use these drugs, the cost of such use, both to the athlete and to society can be extraordinarily high. It is important to understand why performance-enhancing drugs are used and what are the consequences of their use to the athlete and society. One of theRead MoreSports and Performance Enhancing Drugs Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance enhancing drugs in todays pro sports have become a big deal, because of health stimulants and the benefits that such studies have on good development of the person and on fair athletic games. Pediatricians or trainers can play a huge role in helping the athlete or player that is using or taking performance enhancing drugs. By taking factual info about the true benefits and medical problems of these drugs and giving information about healthy food and working out. Tries to create a changeRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Sports Today1476 Words   |  6 PagesResearch, period 3 December 15, 2013 Performance Enhancing Drugs In Sports Today Performance enhancing drugs, or steroids, have long been in the lifestyle of athletes. Many famous athletes like Barry Bonds, Alex Rodriguez, Marion Jones and Lance Armstrong have all confessed to the use of steroids. Celebrities like actor Charlie Sheen and ex Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, have also admitted to using steroids in the past. Performance enhancing drugs are a dangerous form of medicine

The Effects Of Television And Streaming Services On The...

Essay – The future of the Film and Television industry with the effect of pay-tv and streaming services Since the 1950’s the use of new technologies in the Film and Television industry has increased dramatically. From the equipment used to create the moving pictures, the technology we use to view these scenes and the techniques used to capture or produce the animated films and live shots, technology is forever expanding and growing. The Film and Television industry is a major contributor to the Australian economy, directly contributing $5.8 billion to Australia’s GPD (Gross Domestic Product). In this essay I will discuss the positive and negative effects of paid television and streaming services on the industry and whether those effects will be positive for the industry’s future. The key features I will be looking at are; †¢ The contribution made by the industry, directly and indirectly, to the economy, by looking at the value added by the output of goods and services in the sectors of exhibition, free-to-air, pay-tv, retail, online and the introduction of streaming services. Also touching on which sub sectors are rising and which of those are declining. †¢ The impacts on the Film and Television industry by discussing the positive and negative socio-economic effects of streaming services and pay-tv on sectors such as retail, exhibition and free-to-air television. †¢ Summarise the future of the sectors of free-to-air television, retail and exhibition due to the rise ofShow MoreRelatedThe Shift Of Online : The Implications For Screenwriters1175 Words   |  5 Pagesfilms--was the early form of what would eventually become the screenwriting industry. Since the silent films being made in the 1890 s had no dialogue, it wasn t until the emergence of sound in film, in the 1920 s, that writers flocked to Hollywood in order to become a part of the new, promising industry. (â€Å"Cinema†) Screenwriting is the workmanship and art of composing scripts for mass media communications like feature films, television,and video games. Screenwriters are in charge of looking into the storyRead MoreThe Management Of The Walt Disney Company1736 Words   |  7 Pagessegment operates cable programming services, including the ESPN, Disney channels, and Freeform networks; broadcast businesses, which include the ABC TV Network and eight owned television stations; radio businesses consisting of the ESPN Radio Network; and the Radio Disney network. It also produces and sells original live-action and animated television programming to first-run syndication and other television markets, as well as subscription video on demand services and in home entertainment formatsRead MoreAllowing Piracy As A Potential Business Opportunity. Online1571 Words   |  7 PagesAllowing Piracy as a Potential Business Opportunity Online piracy is commonly referred to as a threat to businesses in the creative industries. The WTO Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (a.k.a. â€Å"the TRIPS† agreement) defines piracy as: pirated copyright goods shall mean any goods which are copies made without the consent of the right holder or person duly authorised by the right holder in the country of production and which are made directly or indirectlyRead MoreThe U.S. Media And Entertainment Industry Is Comprised1157 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. media and entertainment industry is comprised of businesses that produce and distribute motion pictures, television programs and commercials along with streaming content, music and audio recordings, broadcast, radio, book publishing, and video games. The U.S. Music and entertainment market, which represents a third of the global industry, and is the largest music and entertainment market globally. The market is expected to reach $771 billion by 2019, up from $632 billion in 2015, accordingRead MoreComcast And The Media Industry1235 Words   |  5 PagesComcast is a large cable and satellite television provider in the United States. The company has been plagued with internal weaknesses and external threats in recent years and is in desperate need of turning around its customer service department as quickly as possible. Aside from customer service, the way the television industry is marketed to is changing, Comcast has to stay on the cutting edge in price, product quality, flexibility of plans, and customer service. Comcast has many different areasRead MoreEffects Of Piracy On The Motion Picture Industry880 Words   |  4 Pagesimplications on the motion picture industry. Copyright protection presents some difficulty in illegally obtaining movies but there are many avenues around most of these systems. The RIAA, or Recording Industry Association of America, has tried several legal ploys to prevent people from accessing this material but many consumers continue to access it with little concern. Much like the music industry, which was challenged to reinvent its distribution model, the movie industry has to do the same thing. Read MoreWhy Pi racy Laws Must Be Changed891 Words   |  4 Pagesimplications for the motion picture industry. Copyright protection presents some difficulty in illegally obtaining movies, but there are many avenues around most of these systems. The RIAA, or Recording Industry Association of America, has tried several legal ploys to prevent people from accessing this material, but many consumers continue to access it with little concern. Much like the music industry, which was challenged to reinvent its distribution model, the movie industry has to do the same thing.Read MoreThe Business Operation Of China Will Fail Without Proper Marketing1380 Words   |  6 Pages Our promotional campaigns will focus primarily on what we can offer the customer compared to the cable companies, satellite companies, and other streaming content companies. We will focus on the latest and freshest content available and our low monthly prices. Our global business operation in China will fail without proper marketing. Our marketing has to be successful in order for this operation to be successful as well. There are cultural and legal factors that might influence our promotionalRead MoreComcast Corporation Case Study1270 Words   |  6 PagesCorporation’s success can be traced down to the extensive services the company provides. These services, including cable television, internet services, voice over internet protocol, and content production, fall within two overlaying businesses of Comcast Corporation: NBCUniversal and Comcast Cable. NBCUniversal operates news, entertainment and sports cable networks, the NBC and Telemundo broadcast networks, television production operations, television station groups, Universal Pictures and Universal ParksRead MoreThe Impact On The Music Industry1240 Words   |  5 PagesStreaming Sights Profit, While Creators Barely Get By Music streaming sites, such as Pandora and Spotify, have a negative impact on the music industry as a whole. Streaming affects more than just the music business itself, it astronomically decreases industry revenues, steals from and devalues the worth of the creators and their content, and is run from a poor business model that is only profitable for streaming companies. Not only do streaming sites directly disturb the music industry as a whole

The Team That Wasnt free essay sample

Moving from New York City to the Midwest, Eric Holt has recently taken a new job as the director of strategy at a regional glass manufacturer named FireArt Inc. The CEO of the company, Jack Derry, has tasked Eric with developing a comprehensive plan for the company’s strategic realignment which needs to be implemented and working within the next six months. Eric has put together a team of the top six managers, one from each division, to accomplish this task. Unfortunately for Eric and his team, after the first four meetings, there has been little progress towards their goal. The lack of progress is not due to an insufficient amount of knowledge by each manager, but rather their inability to work together as a cohesive team. The team is dysfunctional, lacking structure from the start. Eric did not implement an organized decision making process. Eric also did not attempt to discuss psychological contracts or meta-contracts with the team in order to lay out expectations. We will write a custom essay sample on The Team That Wasnt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Eric may have falsely presumed that everyone was as experienced as he when it came to teamwork. He became anchored with information Jack gave him prior to the first team meeting. Through the first four meetings each team member was focusing solely on the groups he or she directs, and each seemed to be pursuing his or her own agenda; the team has been employing an advocacy approach to their decision making. Eric has attributed much of the problem to Randy Louderback, the director of sales, who has continuously projected negativity to the team process and to other team members. Although valued in his industry knowledge and analytic thinking, he has clearly been a disruptive force. Eric does not effectively communicate with Randy or the team to deal with these issues. Upon confronting Randy on his actions in the third meeting, team members stormed out of the room angered and frustrated. At the surface of the problem are Randy’s uncooperative actions. However, the contributing and underlying problem lies in the way the team has been guided in the time leading up to, and including, this fourth meeting. Section 2: Problems One of the initial problems in this team dynamic was the anchoring trap. Jack brought Eric into the glass company with beliefs that anchored Eric’s expectations. Before Eric started working with the team, Jack highlighted Randy as having â€Å"the best mind† at FireArt. Randy was identified as the star from which all great ideas would come. Eric’s initial information about Randy was that he would be the â€Å"idea guy,† the one with â€Å"all the answers. † When Jack said, â€Å"Randy is the future of this company† Eric’s expectations soared. He quickly believed that Randy would be the team player that he was looking for. Eric did not communicate or enforce his decision making process and meeting structure. When the team was brainstorming solutions, Randy interrupted and belittled other team members’ ideas by saying, â€Å"Let’s just do everything, why don’t we, including redesign the kitchen sink! This brought the meeting to an abrupt end. Additionally, competition within the team seemed to exist. Eric’s team used the advocacy approach to decision making. When teams follow the advocacy process, the participants approach decision making as a contest (Garvin and Roberto 2). The director of manufacturing presented a plan that involved how the manufacturing department could expedite its processes while reducing raw materials costs. The distribution director suggested accelerating shipping and delivery times. The head of the art department pushed for adding more artists and more innovative designs as the solution. Participants were passionate for their position, making it impossible to remain objective, and hence they did not spend time debating or considering all of the ideas. The team also lacks explicit balanced psychological contracts and meta-contracts. One problem for Eric occurred during the creation of the team. He created an explicit psychological contract in which he prepared structure and guidelines for the group’s discussions, disagreements, and decisions. However, Eric never introduced this contract to the group, preventing the possibility of mutual agreement or voluntary acceptance, which are key elements of psychological contracts (Rousseau 120-121). Most of the team members accepted a non-formal form of a psychological contract, including expectations of being punctual and acting with respect for one another. However there is considerable evidence of the team not abiding by the rules of this contract, or any meta-contract. One instance occurred when the group did not follow any structured plans for resolving disagreement, but instead chose to publicly confront Randy. Another problem is that this team does not function in the ideal way as depicted in a manner associated with the Model for Managing Psychological Contracts. This team reaches a â€Å"pinch point† each time a disruption occurs from Randy. With each disruption, there is anxiety (experienced by Eric), resentment (the team towards Randy), and uncertainty (the entire team not knowing what to expect next from Randy). This process results in a team â€Å"crunch point† at which point the team continues to function without addressing the problems (Kolb, Osland and Rubin 9). Eric’s ineffective communication has contributed to the team’s issues as well. Eric missed timely opportunities to meet with each team member individually before calling everyone together as a group. Eric knew that the managers at FireArt were not accustomed to working in team environments and even anticipated facing some issues when the team met. Despite this foresight, Eric did not make an effort to actively listen to each member in order to find out where he or she was coming from or in order to communicate his expectations for the team process. To further complicate the communication issue, Eric exhibited feedback-avoiding behavior while managing the team as a conflict avoider. This behavior took effect during the first meeting. Even though he recognized that Randy was inhibiting the team’s progress throughout the first few meetings, Eric delayed giving any sort of negative feedback to Randy, letting the problem go unaddressed into the fourth meeting. In fact, Eric gave Randy the benefit of the doubt throughout the first three meetings, reasoning that Randy’s insightful comments counteracted his negativism. By not addressing Randy’s behavior immediately and privately, the team’s frustration grew. Furthermore, when Eric finally decided to give feedback to Randy, he discussed Randy’s attitude openly with the group. This decision led other team members to jump in to argue with and attack Randy, and resulted in the abrupt end of yet another chaotic team meeting. Section 3: Recommendations In order to address the anchoring trap into which he has fallen, Eric must avoid giving too much weight to initial information. The key is for him to be aware of the dangers of anchoring. Eric must be open-minded and seek differing viewpoints and opinions in order to break out of the trap. Eric should be patient in forming his opinion on Randy, and not rely solely on his first-impression (Hammond, Keeny and Raiffa 3). Rather than the advocacy approach that the team is currently following, Eric must promote an inquiry process to decision making. Inquiry decision-making is a team effort as opposed to a contest. The purpose is to engage in healthy debate so as to test and evaluate decisions. The participants are encouraged to actively think and contribute (Garvin and Roberto 2). In order to move quickly from an advocacy approach to one of inquiry, Eric must balance three critical factors within his team: conflict, consideration and closure. Cognitive or substantive conflict is healthy; it involves disagreements over ideas and assumptions. Eric should structure the team meetings to encourage healthy debates. Each idea presented by the team should be discussed and challenged. This style exposes weaknesses in existing ideas, and helps to develop new ones. This process encourages critical thinking without challenging team members on a personal level. Eric should illustrate consideration by allowing each team member to express his or her ideas with an opportunity for discussion. Doing so will ensure that the team feels all ideas are taken seriously and treated fairly. Perceived fairness will make the team members feel that they are respected and their ideas are considered equally, resulting in an increase performance and a decrease in barriers. Once Eric creates an environment in which healthy debates occur, he will need to manage closure of that debate, ensuring all team members have had a chance to express their ideas, however not allowing the discussion to hit grid lock. By implementing an inquiry process, the team should be able to successfully come up with multiple strategies that are debated, resulting in a solution for the strategic realignment of FireArt (Garvin and Roberto 2-7). Another tactic to improve the team’s structure is for Eric to institute an explicit balanced psychological contract with which all team members are in agreement. When involved in the planning and organizing of their functions, there are fewer chances for team members to breach their contracts. This process will ensure that the contracts are voluntary and mutual. Employing agreed upon, explicit, balanced psychological contracts will help to increase the predictability of the team’s interactions, improve the team’s performance, and will specifically increase Randy’s buy-in of the team environment (Rousseau 123). It is also critical for the team is to create a clear meta-contract. This meta-contract should include the steps to be taken should anyone perceive a violation (Rousseau 125-126). Ideally, each time the team reaches a â€Å"pinch point† they will to return to stability and plan a renegotiation of the contract. A well developed, agreed-upon meta-contact will allow the team to proceed more effectively when reaching â€Å"pinch points† and thus prevent the problems that arise from hitting â€Å"crunch points† (Kolb, Osland and Rubin 9). In order to address the team’s communication issues, it is recommended that Eric seek out each team member individually. This should have been done prior to the first team meeting. Regardless of this fact, he must sit everyone down to discuss each other’s expectations. He must actively listen during these one-on-one sessions. That is, Eric must maintain eye contact, ask open-ended questions, put each team member at ease, and let them express themselves fully (Culp and Smith 17-21). By actively listening, he can tailor the team meetings to meet each person’s expectations as well as their listening, working, and contribution styles. This is especially important when is comes to addressing Randy. Furthermore, Eric and Randy’s one-on-one meeting may help curb Randy’s disruptive behavior. Eric may gain insight into what the problem really is and along with Randy, establish a solution. Eric seems to be a conflict avoider. He has avoided directly and individually addressing Randy. This negative feedback avoiding behavior has allowed team meetings to get out of hand. Eric should structure the meetings so that they are not venting sessions. These meetings hold the key to their futures. He must make it clear that they have an overall company realignment goal to accomplish. Beyond this task-level feedback, Eric must also provide motivational-level feedback. It is pertinent that Eric manage his psychological and physical distance with Randy and the other team members. He must also manage the timing and location of the negative feedback he gives. Instead of calling Randy out in front of the entire team, Eric should sit-down with Randy privately and iron-out the problem. The timing of this discussion, however, needs to correspond with Randy’s negative behavior. Going forward however, Eric needs to set a new precedent by directly and quickly giving negative feedback and exploring ways to orrect and learn from any mistakes. By following these tactics for improved communication Eric can manage any feedback avoiding behavior and reduce existing feedback gaps (Moss and Sanchez 37-41). In conclusion, Eric’s team is out of control. They have become victims of poor decision making processes and traps, broken psychological contracts, and ineffective communication. It is recommended that Eric take control of the situation by starting new and applying better decision making processes. Psychological contracts and their related meta-contracts must be renegotiated and voluntarily agreed upon. Eric must communicate his expectations and listen to each team members’ expectations more actively and effectively. Lastly, he must provide feedback that is timely and encourages learning and growth. By redesigning his approach, Eric can make â€Å"The Team that Wasn’t,† become â€Å"The Team that Is! †